Chronic Kidney Disease
- CKD confers greater risk for developing SIHD, for its progression, and for poor outcomes after interventions for AMI (1181Ð1183). The mortality rate for patients on hemodialysis is >20% per year, and approximately 50% of deaths among these patients are due to a cardiovascular cause (27,1184). To avoid worsening underlying kidney disease, physicians should consider creatinine clearance in pharmacotherapy and should apply risk scores for predicting the likelihood of contrast-induced nephropathy (1161,1185) in conjunction with the use of renal protective strategies such as isosmolar contrast agents during angiography."
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