Contrast extravasation is a complication that happens when contrast media (used in CT or MRI scans) leaks out of the vein into the surrounding soft tissue instead of staying inside the blood vessel.
⚠️ Why It Happens (Causes)
Poor IV cannula placement- Fragile veins (elderly, pediatric)
- High injection pressure (power injector)
- Large volume of contrast
- Patient movement during injection
Severity Levels
1. Mild
- Small swelling
- Minimal pain
- Usually resolves on its own
2. Moderate
- Noticeable swelling
- Pain + skin changes
3. Severe (Rare but serious)
- Large volume extravasation
- Risk of skin necrosis or compartment syndrome
🚑 Immediate Management (Radiology Protocol)
- STOP injection immediately
- Elevate the affected limb
- Apply cold compress (reduce inflammation)
- Assess swelling & pain
- Document the incident
- Inform radiologist / physician
👉 Severe cases may require:
- Surgical consultation
- Monitoring for compartment syndrome
🛡️ Prevention Tips (For Radiographers)
- Use large, stable vein (antecubital fossa preferred)
- Test IV patency before injection
- Use appropriate flow rate
- Monitor patient during injection
- Communicate: tell patient to report pain immediately
💡 Pro Tip (Clinical Practice)
- Always visually check IV site during first few seconds of injection
- High-risk patients → consider manual injection or lower flow rate
